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class="sidebar-link">面试官：你有写过自定义指令吗？自定义指令的应用场景有哪些？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/filter.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue中的过滤器了解吗？过滤器的应用场景有哪些？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/vnode.html" class="sidebar-link">虚拟DOM</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/diff.html" class="sidebar-link">Diff 算法</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/axios.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue项目中有封装过axios吗？主要是封装哪方面的？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/axios_code.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：你了解axios的原理吗？有看过它的源码吗？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/ssr.html" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">面试官：SSR解决了什么问题？有做过SSR吗？你是怎么做的？</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/ssr.html#一、是什么" class="sidebar-link">一、是什么</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/ssr.html#二、解决了什么" class="sidebar-link">二、解决了什么</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/ssr.html#三、如何实现" class="sidebar-link">三、如何实现</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/ssr.html#参考文献" class="sidebar-link">参考文献</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/structure.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：说下你的vue项目的目录结构，如果是大型项目你该怎么划分结构和划分组件呢？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/permission.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：vue要做权限管理该怎么做？如果控制到按钮级别的权限怎么做？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/cors.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue项目中你是如何解决跨域的呢？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/404.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：vue项目本地开发完成后部署到服务器后报404是什么原因呢？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/error.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：你是怎么处理vue项目中的错误的？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/vue_router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue Router</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/vue-debounce-throttle.html" class="sidebar-link">vue防抖调研</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Vue3</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>React</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Webpack</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Node.js</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>性能优化</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>手写代码</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="面试官-ssr解决了什么问题-有做过ssr吗-你是怎么做的"><a href="#面试官-ssr解决了什么问题-有做过ssr吗-你是怎么做的" class="header-anchor">#</a> 面试官：SSR解决了什么问题？有做过SSR吗？你是怎么做的？</h1> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/84bd83f0-4986-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="一、是什么"><a href="#一、是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、是什么</h2> <p><code>Server-Side Rendering</code> 我们称其为<code>SSR</code>，意为服务端渲染</p> <p>指由服务侧完成页面的 <code>HTML</code> 结构拼接的页面处理技术，发送到浏览器，然后为其绑定状态与事件，成为完全可交互页面的过程</p> <p>先来看看<code>Web</code>3个阶段的发展史：</p> <ul><li>传统服务端渲染SSR</li> <li>单页面应用SPA</li> <li>服务端渲染SSR</li></ul> <h3 id="传统web开发"><a href="#传统web开发" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>传统web开发</strong></h3> <p>网页内容在服务端渲染完成，⼀次性传输到浏览器</p> <p><img src="https://p9-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/e4d666b24e784fd09e565458c7753b54~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.image" alt="img"></p> <p>打开页面查看源码，浏览器拿到的是全部的<code>dom</code>结构</p> <h3 id="单页应用spa"><a href="#单页应用spa" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>单页应用SPA</strong></h3> <p>单页应用优秀的用户体验，使其逐渐成为主流，页面内容由<code>JS</code>渲染出来，这种方式称为客户端渲染</p> <p><img src="https://p1-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/5e8e524a8e7d44cba73e0c3416690087~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.image" alt="img"></p> <p>打开页面查看源码，浏览器拿到的仅有宿主元素<code>#app</code>，并没有内容</p> <h3 id="服务端渲染ssr"><a href="#服务端渲染ssr" class="header-anchor">#</a> 服务端渲染SSR</h3> <p><code>SSR</code>解决方案，后端渲染出完整的首屏的<code>dom</code>结构返回，前端拿到的内容包括首屏及完整<code>spa</code>结构，应用激活后依然按照<code>spa</code>方式运行</p> <p><img src="https://p9-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/f1604e7cfad7431f99920e8ab833bc37~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.image" alt="img"></p> <p>看完前端发展，我们再看看<code>Vue</code>官方对<code>SSR</code>的解释：</p> <blockquote><p>Vue.js 是构建客户端应用程序的框架。默认情况下，可以在浏览器中输出 Vue 组件，进行生成 DOM 和操作 DOM。然而，也可以将同一个组件渲染为服务器端的 HTML 字符串，将它们直接发送到浏览器，最后将这些静态标记&quot;激活&quot;为客户端上完全可交互的应用程序</p> <p>服务器渲染的 Vue.js 应用程序也可以被认为是&quot;同构&quot;或&quot;通用&quot;，因为应用程序的大部分代码都可以在服务器和客户端上运行</p></blockquote> <p>我们从上门解释得到以下结论：</p> <ul><li><code>Vue SSR</code>是一个在<code>SPA</code>上进行改良的服务端渲染</li> <li>通过<code>Vue SSR</code>渲染的页面，需要在客户端激活才能实现交互</li> <li><code>Vue SSR</code>将包含两部分：服务端渲染的首屏，包含交互的<code>SPA</code></li></ul> <h2 id="二、解决了什么"><a href="#二、解决了什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、解决了什么</h2> <p>SSR主要解决了以下两种问题：</p> <ul><li>seo：搜索引擎优先爬取页面<code>HTML</code>结构，使用<code>ssr</code>时，服务端已经生成了和业务想关联的<code>HTML</code>，有利于<code>seo</code></li> <li>首屏呈现渲染：用户无需等待页面所有<code>js</code>加载完成就可以看到页面视图（压力来到了服务器，所以需要权衡哪些用服务端渲染，哪些交给客户端）</li></ul> <p>但是使用<code>SSR</code>同样存在以下的缺点：</p> <ul><li><p>复杂度：整个项目的复杂度</p></li> <li><p>库的支持性，代码兼容</p></li> <li><p>性能问题</p> <ul><li><p>每个请求都是<code>n</code>个实例的创建，不然会污染，消耗会变得很大</p></li> <li><p>缓存 <code>node serve</code>、 <code>ngin</code>x判断当前用户有没有过期，如果没过期的话就缓存，用刚刚的结果。</p></li> <li><p>降级：监控<code>cpu</code>、内存占用过多，就<code>spa</code>，返回单个的壳</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>服务器负载变大，相对于前后端分离务器只需要提供静态资源来说，服务器负载更大，所以要慎重使用</p></li></ul> <p>所以在我们选择是否使用<code>SSR</code>前，我们需要慎重问问自己这些问题：</p> <ol><li>需要<code>SEO</code>的页面是否只是少数几个，这些是否可以使用预渲染（Prerender SPA Plugin）实现</li> <li>首屏的请求响应逻辑是否复杂，数据返回是否大量且缓慢</li></ol> <h2 id="三、如何实现"><a href="#三、如何实现" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、如何实现</h2> <p>对于同构开发，我们依然使用<code>webpack</code>打包，我们要解决两个问题：服务端首屏渲染和客户端激活</p> <p>这里需要生成一个服务器<code>bundle</code>文件用于服务端首屏渲染和一个客户端<code>bundle</code>文件用于客户端激活</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/9dcd12c0-4986-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <p>代码结构 除了两个不同入口之外，其他结构和之前<code>vue</code>应用完全相同</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>src
├── router
├────── index<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js # 路由声明
├── store
├────── index<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js # 全局状态
├── main<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js # ⽤于创建vue实例
├── entry<span class="token operator">-</span>client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js # 客户端⼊⼝，⽤于静态内容“激活”
└── entry<span class="token operator">-</span>server<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js # 服务端⼊⼝，⽤于⾸屏内容渲染
</code></pre></div><p>路由配置</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> Vue <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Router <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;vue-router&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Router<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//导出⼯⼚函数</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Router</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        mode<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'history'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        routes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 客户端没有编译器，这⾥要写成渲染函数</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">{</span> path<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> component<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function-variable function">render</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token parameter">h</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'index page'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">{</span> path<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;/detail&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> component<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function-variable function">render</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token parameter">h</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'detail page'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>主文件main.js</p> <p>跟之前不同，主文件是负责创建<code>vue</code>实例的工厂，每次请求均会有独立的<code>vue</code>实例创建</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> Vue <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> App <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./App.vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createRouter <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./router&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 导出Vue实例⼯⼚函数，为每次请求创建独⽴实例</span>
<span class="token comment">// 上下⽂⽤于给vue实例传递参数</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createApp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">context</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        router<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        context<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token function-variable function">render</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token parameter">h</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>App<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>编写服务端入口<code>src/entry-server.js</code></p> <p>它的任务是创建<code>Vue</code>实例并根据传入<code>url</code>指定首屏</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createApp <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./main&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 返回⼀个函数，接收请求上下⽂，返回创建的vue实例</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token parameter">context</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 这⾥返回⼀个Promise，确保路由或组件准备就绪</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createApp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 跳转到⾸屏的地址</span>
        router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 路由就绪，返回结果</span>
        router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onReady</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>编写客户端入口<code>entry-client.js</code></p> <p>客户端入口只需创建<code>vue</code>实例并执行挂载，这⼀步称为激活</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createApp <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./main&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 创建vue、router实例</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createApp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 路由就绪，执⾏挂载</span>
router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onReady</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">$mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;#app&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>对<code>webpack</code>进行配置</p> <p>安装依赖</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>npm install webpack<span class="token operator">-</span>node<span class="token operator">-</span>externals lodash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>merge <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token constant">D</span>
</code></pre></div><p>对<code>vue.config.js</code>进行配置</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 两个插件分别负责打包客户端和服务端</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> VueSSRServerPlugin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;vue-server-renderer/server-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> VueSSRClientPlugin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;vue-server-renderer/client-plugin&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nodeExternals <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;webpack-node-externals&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> merge <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;lodash.merge&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 根据传⼊环境变量决定⼊⼝⽂件和相应配置项</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">WEBPACK_TARGET</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">&quot;node&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> target <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;server&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;client&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    css<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        extract<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    outputDir<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'./dist/'</span><span class="token operator">+</span>target<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token function-variable function">configureWebpack</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 将 entry 指向应⽤程序的 server / client ⽂件</span>
        entry<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">./src/entry-</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>target<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">.js</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 对 bundle renderer 提供 source map ⽀持</span>
        devtool<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'source-map'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// target设置为node使webpack以Node适⽤的⽅式处理动态导⼊，</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 并且还会在编译Vue组件时告知`vue-loader`输出⾯向服务器代码。</span>
        target<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;node&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;web&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 是否模拟node全局变量</span>
        node<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        output<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 此处使⽤Node⻛格导出模块</span>
            libraryTarget<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">&quot;commonjs2&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/externals/#function</span>
        <span class="token comment">// https://github.com/liady/webpack-node-externals</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 外置化应⽤程序依赖模块。可以使服务器构建速度更快，并⽣成较⼩的打包⽂件。</span>
        externals<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span>
        <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token function">nodeExternals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 不要外置化webpack需要处理的依赖模块。</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 可以在这⾥添加更多的⽂件类型。例如，未处理 *.vue 原始⽂件，</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 还应该将修改`global`（例如polyfill）的依赖模块列⼊⽩名单</span>
            whitelist<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token regex"><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span><span class="token regex-source language-regex">\.css$</span><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        optimization<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            splitChunks<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 这是将服务器的整个输出构建为单个 JSON ⽂件的插件。</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 服务端默认⽂件名为 `vue-ssr-server-bundle.json`</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 客户端默认⽂件名为 `vue-ssr-client-manifest.json`。</span>
        plugins<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">VueSSRServerPlugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span>
                  <span class="token class-name">VueSSRClientPlugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token function-variable function">chainWebpack</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token parameter">config</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// cli4项⽬添加</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TARGET_NODE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>optimization<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'splitChunks'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>module
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;vue&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;vue-loader&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">options</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">merge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>options<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                optimizeSSR<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>对脚本进行配置，安装依赖</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>npm i cross<span class="token operator">-</span>env <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token constant">D</span>
</code></pre></div><p>定义创建脚本<code>package.json</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token string">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
 <span class="token string">&quot;build:client&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;vue-cli-service build&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
 <span class="token string">&quot;build:server&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;cross-env WEBPACK_TARGET=node vue-cli-service build&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
 <span class="token string">&quot;build&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npm run build:server &amp;&amp; npm run build:client&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><blockquote><p>执行打包：npm run build</p></blockquote> <p>最后修改宿主文件<code>/public/index.html</code></p> <div class="language-html extra-class"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>en<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">http-equiv</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>X-UA-Compatible<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>IE=edge<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>viewport<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>Document<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token comment">&lt;!--vue-ssr-outlet--&gt;</span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><blockquote>   是服务端渲染入口位置，注意不能为了好看而在前后加空格
</blockquote> <p>安装<code>vuex</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>npm install <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token constant">S</span> vuex
</code></pre></div><p>创建<code>vuex</code>工厂函数</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> Vue <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Vuex <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vuex'</span>
Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Vuex<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vuex<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Store</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        state<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            count<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">108</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        mutations<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">state</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>在<code>main.js</code>文件中挂载<code>store</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./store'</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createApp</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">context</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 创建实例</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 挂载</span>
        <span class="token function-variable function">render</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token parameter">h</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>App<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">,</span> store <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>服务器端渲染的是应用程序的&quot;快照&quot;，如果应用依赖于⼀些异步数据，那么在开始渲染之前，需要先预取和解析好这些数据</p> <p>在<code>store</code>进行一步数据获取</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vuex<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Store</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        mutations<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 加⼀个初始化</span>
            <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> count</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count <span class="token operator">=</span> count<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        actions<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 加⼀个异步请求count的action</span>
            <span class="token function">getCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                    <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                        <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;init&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Math<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                        <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>组件中的数据预取逻辑</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">asyncData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> route <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 约定预取逻辑编写在预取钩⼦asyncData中</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 触发 action 后，返回 Promise 以便确定请求结果</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;getCount&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>服务端数据预取，<code>entry-server.js</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createApp <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./app&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token parameter">context</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 拿出store和router实例</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">,</span> store <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createApp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onReady</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 获取匹配的路由组件数组</span>
            <span class="token keyword">const</span> matchedComponents <span class="token operator">=</span> router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMatchedComponents</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

            <span class="token comment">// 若⽆匹配则抛出异常</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>matchedComponents<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">reject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> code<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">404</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

            <span class="token comment">// 对所有匹配的路由组件调⽤可能存在的`asyncData()`</span>
            Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                matchedComponents<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">Component</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Component<span class="token punctuation">.</span>asyncData<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                        <span class="token keyword">return</span> Component<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asyncData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                            store<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                            route<span class="token operator">:</span> router<span class="token punctuation">.</span>currentRoute<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token comment">// 所有预取钩⼦ resolve 后，</span>
                <span class="token comment">// store 已经填充⼊渲染应⽤所需状态</span>
                <span class="token comment">// 将状态附加到上下⽂，且 `template` 选项⽤于 renderer 时，</span>
                <span class="token comment">// 状态将⾃动序列化为 `window.__INITIAL_STATE__`，并注⼊ HTML</span>
                context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> store<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

                <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>客户端在挂载到应用程序之前，<code>store</code> 就应该获取到状态，<code>entry-client.js</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 导出store</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> app<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">,</span> store <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createApp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 当使⽤ template 时，context.state 将作为 window.__INITIAL_STATE__ 状态⾃动嵌⼊到最终的 HTML </span>
<span class="token comment">// 在客户端挂载到应⽤程序之前，store 就应该获取到状态：</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>window<span class="token punctuation">.</span>__INITIAL_STATE__<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replaceState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>window<span class="token punctuation">.</span>__INITIAL_STATE__<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>客户端数据预取处理，<code>main.js</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mixin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">beforeMount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> asyncData <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$options<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>asyncData<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 将获取数据操作分配给 promise</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 以便在组件中，我们可以在数据准备就绪后</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 通过运⾏ `this.dataPromise.then(...)` 来执⾏其他任务</span>
            <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>dataPromise <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">asyncData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                store<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                route<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$route<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>修改服务器启动文件</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 获取⽂件路径</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">resolve</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">dir</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'path'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dir<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// 第 1 步：开放dist/client⽬录，关闭默认下载index⻚的选项，不然到不了后⾯路由</span>
app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>express<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">static</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'../dist/client'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>index<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// 第 2 步：获得⼀个createBundleRenderer</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createBundleRenderer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;vue-server-renderer&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 第 3 步：服务端打包⽂件地址</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> bundle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;../dist/server/vue-ssr-server-bundle.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 第 4 步：创建渲染器</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> renderer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createBundleRenderer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bundle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    runInNewContext<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// https://ssr.vuejs.org/zh/api/#runinnewcontext</span>
    template<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'fs'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;../public/index.html&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 宿主⽂件</span>
    clientManifest<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;../dist/client/vue-ssr-clientmanifest.json&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 客户端清单</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'*'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span>res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 设置url和title两个重要参数</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        title<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'ssr test'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        url<span class="token operator">:</span>req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> html <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> renderer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">renderToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>html<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 小结</h3> <ul><li>使用<code>ssr</code>不存在单例模式，每次用户请求都会创建一个新的<code>vue</code>实例</li> <li>实现<code>ssr</code>需要实现服务端首屏渲染和客户端激活</li> <li>服务端异步获取数据<code>asyncData</code>可以分为首屏异步获取和切换组件获取
<ul><li>首屏异步获取数据，在服务端预渲染的时候就应该已经完成</li> <li>切换组件通过<code>mixin</code>混入，在<code>beforeMount</code>钩子完成数据获取</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li>https://juejin.cn/post/6896007907050487816</li> <li>https://vue3js.cn/docs/zh</li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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